An RFID reader, also known as an interrogator, is a device that provides the connection between the tag data and the enterprise system software that needs the information. The reader communicates with tags that are within its field of operation, performing any number of tasks including simple continuous inventorying, filtering (searching for tags that meet certain criteria), writing (or encoding) to select tags, etc. The reader uses an attached antenna to capture data from tags. It then passes the data to a computer for processing. Just like RFID tags, there are many different sizes and types of RFID readers. Readers can be affixed in a stationary position in a store or factory, or integrated into a mobile device such as a portable, handheld scanner. In this report, we focus on the handheld type RFID reader.
The global RFID Handheld Reader market is projected to reach US$ 3388.1 million by 2030 from an estimated US$ 1979.6 million in 2024, at a CAGR of 9.4% during 2024 and 2030.
In the global RFID handheld reader market, the main companies are Zebra, Honeywell, Sense Technology and Invengo Technology. The top 2 companies hold a share about 50%. The main regions are North America and China, with a market share close to 65%. UHF RFID Handheld Reader has the largest market share in the RFID handheld reader segment, close to 70%. The application scenarios of RFID handheld readers are mainly concentrated in transportation and logistics, with a market share of close to 37%.
Report Scope
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for RFID Handheld Reader, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyse their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding RFID Handheld Reader.
The RFID Handheld Reader market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of sales volume (K Units) and revenue ($ millions), considering 2023 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2019 to 2030. This report segments the global RFID Handheld Reader market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by type, by application, and by players, are also provided.
For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.
The report will help the RFID Handheld Reader manufacturers, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues, sales volume, and average price for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by type, by application, and regions.
麻豆原创 Segmentation
By Company
Zebra
Honeywell
Denso Wave
Sense Technology
Jiangsu SEUIC Technology
Feig Electronics
Invengo Technology
Bluebird
Unitech
TSL
JADAK
Alien Technology
TURCK
Chainway
Cipher Lab
Convergence Systems Limited (CSL)
Chafon group
Nordic ID
Segment by Type
LF RFID Handheld Reader
HF RFID Handheld Reader
UHF RFID Handheld Reader
Segment by Application
Transportation & Logistics
Retail
Medical
Manufacturing
Others
By Region
North America
United States
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries
Rest of Europe
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Southeast Asia
Australia
Rest of Asia-Pacific
Latin America
Mexico
Brazil
Rest of Latin America
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Rest of Middle East & Africa
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by Type and by Application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Sales (consumption), revenue of RFID Handheld Reader in global and regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of RFID Handheld Reader manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides profiles of key manufacturers, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product descriptions and specifications, RFID Handheld Reader sales, revenue, price, gross margin, sales by region, by Type, by Application, and recent development, etc.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 7: North America by Type, by Application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 8: APAC by Type, by Application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 9: Europe by Type, by Application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 10: Latin America by Type, by Application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 11: Middle East and Africa by Type, by Application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 12: Analysis of industrial chain, sales channel, key raw materials, distributors, and customers.
Chapter 13: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 14: Research Findings and Conclusion.
Please Note - This is an on demand report and will be delivered in 2 business days (48 hours) post payment.
1 Study Coverage
1.1 RFID Handheld Reader Product Introduction
1.2 麻豆原创 by Type
1.2.1 Global RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Size Growth Rate by Type (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
1.2.2 LF RFID Handheld Reader
1.2.3 HF RFID Handheld Reader
1.2.4 UHF RFID Handheld Reader
1.3 麻豆原创 by Application
1.3.1 Global RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Size Growth Rate by Application (2019 VS 2023 VS 2030)
1.3.2 Transportation & Logistics
1.3.3 Retail
1.3.4 Medical
1.3.5 Manufacturing
1.3.6 Others
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
2 Executive Summary
2.1 Global RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Size Estimates and Forecasts
2.1.1 Global RFID Handheld Reader Revenue 2019-2030
2.1.2 Global RFID Handheld Reader Sales 2019-2030
2.2 RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Size by Region: 2023 Versus 2030
2.3 RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Region (2019-2030)
2.3.1 Global RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Region: 2019-2024
2.3.2 Global RFID Handheld Reader Sales Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
2.3.3 Global RFID Handheld Reader Sales 麻豆原创 Share by Region (2019-2030)
2.4 RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Estimates and Projections by Region (2025-2030)
2.4.1 Global RFID Handheld Reader Revenue by Region: 2019-2024
2.4.2 Global RFID Handheld Reader Revenue Forecast by Region (2025-2030)
2.4.3 Global RFID Handheld Reader Revenue 麻豆原创 Share by Region (2019-2030)
3 Global RFID Handheld Reader by Manufacturers
3.1 Global Top RFID Handheld Reader Manufacturers by Sales
3.1.1 Global RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Manufacturer (2019-2024)
3.1.2 Global RFID Handheld Reader Sales 麻豆原创 Share by Manufacturer (2019-2024)
3.2 Global Top RFID Handheld Reader Manufacturers by Revenue
3.2.1 Global RFID Handheld Reader Revenue by Manufacturer (2019-2024)
3.2.2 Global RFID Handheld Reader Revenue Share by Manufacturer (2019-2024)
3.3 Global RFID Handheld Reader Price by Manufacturer (2019-2024)
3.4 Competitive Landscape
3.4.1 Key RFID Handheld Reader Manufacturers Covered: Ranking by Revenue
3.4.2 Global RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) & (2019-2024)
3.4.3 Global RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
3.5 Global RFID Handheld Reader Manufacturing Base Distribution, Product Type
3.5.1 RFID Handheld Reader Manufacturers Manufacturing Base Distribution, Headquarters
3.5.2 Manufacturers RFID Handheld Reader Product Type
3.5.3 Date of International Manufacturers Enter into RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创
3.6 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Company Profiles
4.1 Zebra
4.1.1 Zebra Company Information
4.1.2 Zebra Description, Business Overview
4.1.3 Zebra RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.1.4 Zebra RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.1.5 Zebra RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.1.6 Zebra RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.1.7 Zebra RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.1.8 Zebra Recent Developments
4.2 Honeywell
4.2.1 Honeywell Company Information
4.2.2 Honeywell Description, Business Overview
4.2.3 Honeywell RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.2.4 Honeywell RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.2.5 Honeywell RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.2.6 Honeywell RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.2.7 Honeywell RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.2.8 Honeywell Recent Developments
4.3 Denso Wave
4.3.1 Denso Wave Company Information
4.3.2 Denso Wave Description, Business Overview
4.3.3 Denso Wave RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.3.4 Denso Wave RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.3.5 Denso Wave RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.3.6 Denso Wave RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.3.7 Denso Wave RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.3.8 Denso Wave Recent Developments
4.4 Sense Technology
4.4.1 Sense Technology Company Information
4.4.2 Sense Technology Description, Business Overview
4.4.3 Sense Technology RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.4.4 Sense Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.4.5 Sense Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.4.6 Sense Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.4.7 Sense Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.4.8 Sense Technology Recent Developments
4.5 Jiangsu SEUIC Technology
4.5.1 Jiangsu SEUIC Technology Company Information
4.5.2 Jiangsu SEUIC Technology Description, Business Overview
4.5.3 Jiangsu SEUIC Technology RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.5.4 Jiangsu SEUIC Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.5.5 Jiangsu SEUIC Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.5.6 Jiangsu SEUIC Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.5.7 Jiangsu SEUIC Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.5.8 Jiangsu SEUIC Technology Recent Developments
4.6 Feig Electronics
4.6.1 Feig Electronics Company Information
4.6.2 Feig Electronics Description, Business Overview
4.6.3 Feig Electronics RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.6.4 Feig Electronics RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.6.5 Feig Electronics RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.6.6 Feig Electronics RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.6.7 Feig Electronics RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.6.8 Feig Electronics Recent Development
4.7 Invengo Technology
4.7.1 Invengo Technology Company Information
4.7.2 Invengo Technology Description, Business Overview
4.7.3 Invengo Technology RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.7.4 Invengo Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.7.5 Invengo Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.7.6 Invengo Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.7.7 Invengo Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.7.8 Invengo Technology Recent Development
4.8 Bluebird
4.8.1 Bluebird Company Information
4.8.2 Bluebird Description, Business Overview
4.8.3 Bluebird RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.8.4 Bluebird RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.8.5 Bluebird RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.8.6 Bluebird RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.8.7 Bluebird RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.8.8 Bluebird Recent Development
4.9 Unitech
4.9.1 Unitech Company Information
4.9.2 Unitech Description, Business Overview
4.9.3 Unitech RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.9.4 Unitech RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.9.5 Unitech RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.9.6 Unitech RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.9.7 Unitech RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.9.8 Unitech Recent Development
4.10 TSL
4.10.1 TSL Company Information
4.10.2 TSL Description, Business Overview
4.10.3 TSL RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.10.4 TSL RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.10.5 TSL RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.10.6 TSL RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.10.7 TSL RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.10.8 TSL Recent Development
4.11 JADAK
4.11.1 JADAK Company Information
4.11.2 JADAK Description, Business Overview
4.11.3 JADAK RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.11.4 JADAK RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.11.5 JADAK RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.11.6 JADAK RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.11.7 JADAK RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.11.8 JADAK Recent Development
4.12 Alien Technology
4.12.1 Alien Technology Company Information
4.12.2 Alien Technology Description, Business Overview
4.12.3 Alien Technology RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.12.4 Alien Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.12.5 Alien Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.12.6 Alien Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.12.7 Alien Technology RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.12.8 Alien Technology Recent Development
4.13 TURCK
4.13.1 TURCK Company Information
4.13.2 TURCK Description, Business Overview
4.13.3 TURCK RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.13.4 TURCK RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.13.5 TURCK RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.13.6 TURCK RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.13.7 TURCK RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.13.8 TURCK Recent Development
4.14 Chainway
4.14.1 Chainway Company Information
4.14.2 Chainway Description, Business Overview
4.14.3 Chainway RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.14.4 Chainway RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.14.5 Chainway RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.14.6 Chainway RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.14.7 Chainway RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.14.8 Chainway Recent Development
4.15 Cipher Lab
4.15.1 Cipher Lab Company Information
4.15.2 Cipher Lab Description, Business Overview
4.15.3 Cipher Lab RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.15.4 Cipher Lab RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.15.5 Cipher Lab RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.15.6 Cipher Lab RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.15.7 Cipher Lab RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.15.8 Cipher Lab Recent Development
4.16 Convergence Systems Limited (CSL)
4.16.1 Convergence Systems Limited (CSL) Company Information
4.16.2 Convergence Systems Limited (CSL) Description, Business Overview
4.16.3 Convergence Systems Limited (CSL) RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.16.4 Convergence Systems Limited (CSL) RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.16.5 Convergence Systems Limited (CSL) RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.16.6 Convergence Systems Limited (CSL) RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.16.7 Convergence Systems Limited (CSL) RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.16.8 Convergence Systems Limited (CSL) Recent Development
4.17 Chafon group
4.17.1 Chafon group Company Information
4.17.2 Chafon group Description, Business Overview
4.17.3 Chafon group RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.17.4 Chafon group RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.17.5 Chafon group RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.17.6 Chafon group RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.17.7 Chafon group RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.17.8 Chafon group Recent Development
4.18 Nordic ID
4.18.1 Nordic ID Company Information
4.18.2 Nordic ID Description, Business Overview
4.18.3 Nordic ID RFID Handheld Reader Products Offered
4.18.4 Nordic ID RFID Handheld Reader Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
4.18.5 Nordic ID RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Product in 2023
4.18.6 Nordic ID RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application in 2023
4.18.7 Nordic ID RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Geographic Area in 2023
4.18.8 Nordic ID Recent Development
5 Breakdown Data by Type
5.1 Global RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Type (2019-2030)
5.1.1 Global RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Type (2019-2024)
5.1.2 Global RFID Handheld Reader Sales Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
5.1.3 Global RFID Handheld Reader Sales 麻豆原创 Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.2 Global RFID Handheld Reader Revenue Forecast by Type (2019-2030)
5.2.1 Global RFID Handheld Reader Revenue by Type (2019-2024)
5.2.2 Global RFID Handheld Reader Revenue Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
5.2.3 Global RFID Handheld Reader Revenue 麻豆原创 Share by Type (2019-2030)
5.3 RFID Handheld Reader Average Selling Price (ASP) by Type (2019-2030)
6 Breakdown Data by Application
6.1 Global RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application (2019-2030)
6.1.1 Global RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application (2019-2024)
6.1.2 Global RFID Handheld Reader Sales Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
6.1.3 Global RFID Handheld Reader Sales 麻豆原创 Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.2 Global RFID Handheld Reader Revenue Forecast by Application (2019-2030)
6.2.1 Global RFID Handheld Reader Revenue by Application (2019-2024)
6.2.2 Global RFID Handheld Reader Revenue Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
6.2.3 Global RFID Handheld Reader Revenue 麻豆原创 Share by Application (2019-2030)
6.3 RFID Handheld Reader Average Selling Price (ASP) by Application (2019-2030)
7 North America
7.1 North America RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Size YoY Growth 2019-2030
7.2 North America RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Facts & Figures by Country
7.2.1 North America RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Country (2019-2030)
7.2.2 North America RFID Handheld Reader Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
7.3 North America RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Type (2019-2024)
7.4 North America RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application (2019-2024)
8 Asia-Pacific
8.1 Asia-Pacific RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Size YoY Growth 2019-2030
8.2 Asia-Pacific RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Facts & Figures by Region
8.2.1 Asia-Pacific RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Region (2019-2030)
8.2.2 Asia-Pacific RFID Handheld Reader Revenue by Region (2019-2030)
8.3 Asia-Pacific RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Type (2019-2024)
8.4 Asia-Pacific RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application (2019-2024)
9 Europe
9.1 Europe RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Size YoY Growth 2019-2030
9.2 Europe RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Facts & Figures by Country
9.2.1 Europe RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Country (2019-2030)
9.2.2 Europe RFID Handheld Reader Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
9.3 Europe RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Type (2019-2024)
9.4 Europe RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application (2019-2024)
10 Latin America
10.1 Latin America RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Size YoY Growth 2019-2030
10.2 Latin America RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Facts & Figures by Country
10.2.1 Latin America RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Country (2019-2030)
10.2.2 Latin America RFID Handheld Reader Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
10.3 Latin America RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Type (2019-2024)
10.4 Latin America RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application (2019-2024)
11 Middle East and Africa
11.1 Middle East and Africa RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Size YoY Growth 2019-2030
11.2 Middle East and Africa RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Facts & Figures by Country
11.2.1 Middle East and Africa RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Country (2019-2030)
11.2.2 Middle East and Africa RFID Handheld Reader Revenue by Country (2019-2030)
11.3 Middle East and Africa RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Type (2019-2024)
11.4 Middle East and Africa RFID Handheld Reader Sales by Application (2019-2024)
12 Supply Chain and Sales Channel Analysis
12.1 RFID Handheld Reader Supply Chain Analysis
12.2 RFID Handheld Reader Key Raw Materials and Upstream Suppliers
12.3 RFID Handheld Reader Clients Analysis
12.4 RFID Handheld Reader Sales Channel and Sales Model Analysis
12.4.1 RFID Handheld Reader Distribution Channel Analysis: Indirect Sales VS Direct Sales
12.4.2 RFID Handheld Reader Distribution Channel Analysis: Online Sales VS Offline Sales
12.4.3 RFID Handheld Reader Distributors
13 麻豆原创 Dynamics
13.1 RFID Handheld Reader Industry Trends
13.2 RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Drivers
13.3 RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Challenges
13.4 RFID Handheld Reader 麻豆原创 Restraints
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Research Methodology
15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.2 Data Source
15.2 Author Details
15.3 Disclaimer
Zebra
Honeywell
Denso Wave
Sense Technology
Jiangsu SEUIC Technology
Feig Electronics
Invengo Technology
Bluebird
Unitech
TSL
JADAK
Alien Technology
TURCK
Chainway
Cipher Lab
Convergence Systems Limited (CSL)
Chafon group
Nordic ID
听
听
*If Applicable.
