The global market for Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter was valued at US$ 338 million in the year 2024 and is projected to reach a revised size of US$ 679 million by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 10.5% during the forecast period.
Centralized bidirectional energy storage converter is a power electronic device used in energy storage system, mainly used in bidirectional energy exchange between power storage and grid connection. It can perform bidirectional power conversion between battery pack and grid, realizing the process of battery charging and discharging. Centralized means that this converter usually serves larger-scale energy storage system.
North American market for Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter is estimated to increase from $ million in 2024 to reach $ million by 2031, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2025 through 2031.
Asia-Pacific market for Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter is estimated to increase from $ million in 2024 to reach $ million by 2031, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2025 through 2031.
The major global manufacturers of Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter include ABB, Johnson Controls, Delta Electronics, Destin Power, Nidec Corporation, Siemens, Hitachi, Socomec, Toshiba, Mitsubishi, etc. In 2024, the world's top three vendors accounted for approximately % of the revenue.
Report Scope
This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter.
The Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of output/shipments (K Units) and revenue ($ millions), considering 2024 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2020 to 2031. This report segments the global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by Type, by Application, and by players, are also provided.
For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments.
The report will help the Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter manufacturers, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues, production, and average price for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, by Type, by Application, and by regions.
麻豆原创 Segmentation
By Company
ABB
Johnson Controls
Delta Electronics
Destin Power
Nidec Corporation
Siemens
Hitachi
Socomec
Toshiba
Mitsubishi
Efacec
Sensata Technologies
Inovance Tech
Hopewind Electric
Sungrow Power
New Electric Technology
Soaring Electric
Sineng Electric
NR Electric
XJ Electric
Clou Electronics
by Type
High Voltage
Low Voltage
by Application
Power Station
Power Grid
Energy Storage System
Others
Production by Region
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Consumption by Region
North America
U.S.
Canada
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
China Taiwan
Southeast Asia
India
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Rest of Europe
Latin America, Middle East & Africa
Mexico
Brazil
Turkey
GCC Countries
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by region, by Type, by Application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Detailed analysis of Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter manufacturers competitive landscape, price, production and value market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 3: Production/output, value of Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter by region/country. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next six years.
Chapter 4: Consumption of Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and production of each country in the world.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product production/output, value, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 10: The main points and conclusions of the report.
Please Note - This is an on demand report and will be delivered in 2 business days (48 hours) post payment.
1 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter 麻豆原创 Overview
1.1 Product Definition
1.2 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter by Type
1.2.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter 麻豆原创 Value Growth Rate Analysis by Type: 2024 VS 2031
1.2.2 High Voltage
1.2.3 Low Voltage
1.3 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter by Application
1.3.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter 麻豆原创 Value Growth Rate Analysis by Application: 2024 VS 2031
1.3.2 Power Station
1.3.3 Power Grid
1.3.4 Energy Storage System
1.3.5 Others
1.4 Global 麻豆原创 Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)
1.4.2 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)
1.4.3 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)
1.4.4 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter 麻豆原创 Average Price Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)
1.5 Assumptions and Limitations
2 麻豆原创 Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production 麻豆原创 Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
2.2 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value 麻豆原创 Share by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
2.3 Global Key Players of Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter, Industry Ranking, 2023 VS 2024
2.4 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Type and 麻豆原创 Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
2.5 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Average Price by Manufacturers (2020-2025)
2.6 Global Key Manufacturers of Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter, Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
2.7 Global Key Manufacturers of Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter, Product Offered and Application
2.8 Global Key Manufacturers of Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter, Date of Enter into This Industry
2.9 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter 麻豆原创 Competitive Situation and Trends
2.9.1 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter 麻豆原创 Concentration Rate
2.9.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Players 麻豆原创 Share by Revenue
2.10 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production by Region
3.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
3.2 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value by Region (2020-2031)
3.2.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value by Region (2020-2025)
3.2.2 Global Forecasted Production Value of Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter by Region (2026-2031)
3.3 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
3.4 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Volume by Region (2020-2031)
3.4.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production by Region (2020-2025)
3.4.2 Global Forecasted Production of Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter by Region (2026-2031)
3.5 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter 麻豆原创 Price Analysis by Region (2020-2025)
3.6 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production and Value, Year-over-Year Growth
3.6.1 North America Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)
3.6.2 Europe Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)
3.6.3 China Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)
3.6.4 Japan Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2020-2031)
4 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Consumption Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
4.2 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Consumption by Region (2020-2031)
4.2.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Consumption by Region (2020-2025)
4.2.2 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Forecasted Consumption by Region (2026-2031)
4.3 North America
4.3.1 North America Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
4.3.2 North America Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Consumption by Country (2020-2031)
4.3.3 U.S.
4.3.4 Canada
4.4 Europe
4.4.1 Europe Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
4.4.2 Europe Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Consumption by Country (2020-2031)
4.4.3 Germany
4.4.4 France
4.4.5 U.K.
4.4.6 Italy
4.4.7 Netherlands
4.5 Asia Pacific
4.5.1 Asia Pacific Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Consumption Growth Rate by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
4.5.2 Asia Pacific Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Consumption by Region (2020-2031)
4.5.3 China
4.5.4 Japan
4.5.5 South Korea
4.5.6 China Taiwan
4.5.7 Southeast Asia
4.5.8 India
4.6 Latin America, Middle East & Africa
4.6.1 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
4.6.2 Latin America, Middle East & Africa Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Consumption by Country (2020-2031)
4.6.3 Mexico
4.6.4 Brazil
4.6.5 Turkey
4.6.6 GCC Countries
5 Segment by Type
5.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production by Type (2020-2031)
5.1.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production by Type (2020-2025)
5.1.2 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production by Type (2026-2031)
5.1.3 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production 麻豆原创 Share by Type (2020-2031)
5.2 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value by Type (2020-2031)
5.2.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value by Type (2020-2025)
5.2.2 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value by Type (2026-2031)
5.2.3 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value 麻豆原创 Share by Type (2020-2031)
5.3 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Price by Type (2020-2031)
6 Segment by Application
6.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production by Application (2020-2031)
6.1.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production by Application (2020-2025)
6.1.2 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production by Application (2026-2031)
6.1.3 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production 麻豆原创 Share by Application (2020-2031)
6.2 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value by Application (2020-2031)
6.2.1 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value by Application (2020-2025)
6.2.2 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value by Application (2026-2031)
6.2.3 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Value 麻豆原创 Share by Application (2020-2031)
6.3 Global Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Price by Application (2020-2031)
7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 ABB
7.1.1 ABB Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.1.2 ABB Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.1.3 ABB Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.1.4 ABB Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.1.5 ABB Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 Johnson Controls
7.2.1 Johnson Controls Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.2.2 Johnson Controls Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.2.3 Johnson Controls Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.2.4 Johnson Controls Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.2.5 Johnson Controls Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 Delta Electronics
7.3.1 Delta Electronics Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.3.2 Delta Electronics Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.3.3 Delta Electronics Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.3.4 Delta Electronics Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.3.5 Delta Electronics Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 Destin Power
7.4.1 Destin Power Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.4.2 Destin Power Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.4.3 Destin Power Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.4.4 Destin Power Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.4.5 Destin Power Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 Nidec Corporation
7.5.1 Nidec Corporation Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.5.2 Nidec Corporation Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.5.3 Nidec Corporation Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.5.4 Nidec Corporation Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.5.5 Nidec Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
7.6 Siemens
7.6.1 Siemens Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.6.2 Siemens Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.6.3 Siemens Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.6.4 Siemens Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.6.5 Siemens Recent Developments/Updates
7.7 Hitachi
7.7.1 Hitachi Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.7.2 Hitachi Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.7.3 Hitachi Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.7.4 Hitachi Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.7.5 Hitachi Recent Developments/Updates
7.8 Socomec
7.8.1 Socomec Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.8.2 Socomec Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.8.3 Socomec Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.8.4 Socomec Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.8.5 Socomec Recent Developments/Updates
7.9 Toshiba
7.9.1 Toshiba Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.9.2 Toshiba Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.9.3 Toshiba Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.9.4 Toshiba Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.9.5 Toshiba Recent Developments/Updates
7.10 Mitsubishi
7.10.1 Mitsubishi Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.10.2 Mitsubishi Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.10.3 Mitsubishi Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.10.4 Mitsubishi Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.10.5 Mitsubishi Recent Developments/Updates
7.11 Efacec
7.11.1 Efacec Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.11.2 Efacec Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.11.3 Efacec Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.11.4 Efacec Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.11.5 Efacec Recent Developments/Updates
7.12 Sensata Technologies
7.12.1 Sensata Technologies Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.12.2 Sensata Technologies Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.12.3 Sensata Technologies Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.12.4 Sensata Technologies Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.12.5 Sensata Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
7.13 Inovance Tech
7.13.1 Inovance Tech Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.13.2 Inovance Tech Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.13.3 Inovance Tech Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.13.4 Inovance Tech Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.13.5 Inovance Tech Recent Developments/Updates
7.14 Hopewind Electric
7.14.1 Hopewind Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.14.2 Hopewind Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.14.3 Hopewind Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.14.4 Hopewind Electric Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.14.5 Hopewind Electric Recent Developments/Updates
7.15 Sungrow Power
7.15.1 Sungrow Power Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.15.2 Sungrow Power Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.15.3 Sungrow Power Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.15.4 Sungrow Power Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.15.5 Sungrow Power Recent Developments/Updates
7.16 New Electric Technology
7.16.1 New Electric Technology Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.16.2 New Electric Technology Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.16.3 New Electric Technology Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.16.4 New Electric Technology Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.16.5 New Electric Technology Recent Developments/Updates
7.17 Soaring Electric
7.17.1 Soaring Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.17.2 Soaring Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.17.3 Soaring Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.17.4 Soaring Electric Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.17.5 Soaring Electric Recent Developments/Updates
7.18 Sineng Electric
7.18.1 Sineng Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.18.2 Sineng Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.18.3 Sineng Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.18.4 Sineng Electric Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.18.5 Sineng Electric Recent Developments/Updates
7.19 NR Electric
7.19.1 NR Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.19.2 NR Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.19.3 NR Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.19.4 NR Electric Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.19.5 NR Electric Recent Developments/Updates
7.20 XJ Electric
7.20.1 XJ Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.20.2 XJ Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.20.3 XJ Electric Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.20.4 XJ Electric Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.20.5 XJ Electric Recent Developments/Updates
7.21 Clou Electronics
7.21.1 Clou Electronics Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Company Information
7.21.2 Clou Electronics Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Product Portfolio
7.21.3 Clou Electronics Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production, Value, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
7.21.4 Clou Electronics Main Business and 麻豆原创s Served
7.21.5 Clou Electronics Recent Developments/Updates
8 Industry Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
8.1 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Industry Chain Analysis
8.2 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Raw Material Supply Analysis
8.2.1 Key Raw Materials
8.2.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
8.3 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Production Mode & Process Analysis
8.4 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Sales and 麻豆原创ing
8.4.1 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Sales Channels
8.4.2 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Distributors
8.5 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Customer Analysis
9 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter 麻豆原创 Dynamics
9.1 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter Industry Trends
9.2 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter 麻豆原创 Drivers
9.3 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter 麻豆原创 Challenges
9.4 Centralized Bidirectional Energy Storage Converter 麻豆原创 Restraints
10 Research Findings and Conclusion
11 Methodology and Data Source
11.1 Methodology/Research Approach
11.1.1 Research Programs/Design
11.1.2 麻豆原创 Size Estimation
11.1.3 麻豆原创 Breakdown and Data Triangulation
11.2 Data Source
11.2.1 Secondary Sources
11.2.2 Primary Sources
11.3 Author List
11.4 Disclaimer
ABB
Johnson Controls
Delta Electronics
Destin Power
Nidec Corporation
Siemens
Hitachi
Socomec
Toshiba
Mitsubishi
Efacec
Sensata Technologies
Inovance Tech
Hopewind Electric
Sungrow Power
New Electric Technology
Soaring Electric
Sineng Electric
NR Electric
XJ Electric
Clou Electronics
听
听
*If Applicable.