The global Prestressed Concrete Strand market size was valued at US$ 3744 million in 2024 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD 4395 million by 2031 with a CAGR of 2.3% during review period.
Prestressed steel strand is a type of stranded cable composed of 2, 3, 7 or more high strength steel wires, and the stress relief force processing (processing), suitable for prestressed concrete or similar purposes, such as large-span bridges on railway and highway, flyover, LNG tanks, multi-storey industrial buildings, stadiums, nuclear reactors and etc.
Global Prestressed Concrete Strand key players include Xinhua Metal, Hengxing, Silvery Dragon, Insteel, Tianjin Metallurgical, etc. Global top five manufacturers hold a share about 20%.
Asia-Pacific is the largest market, with a share about 75%, followed by South America and North America, both have a share about 15 percent.
In terms of product, Bare PC Strand is the largest segment, with a share nearly 90%. And in terms of application, the largest application is Transport, followed by Building, Energy, Water conservancy, etc.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Prestressed Concrete Strand market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by manufacturers, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2025, are provided.
Key Features:
Global Prestressed Concrete Strand market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K MT), and average selling prices (USD/MT), 2020-2031
Global Prestressed Concrete Strand market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K MT), and average selling prices (USD/MT), 2020-2031
Global Prestressed Concrete Strand market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K MT), and average selling prices (USD/MT), 2020-2031
Global Prestressed Concrete Strand market shares of main players, shipments in revenue ($ Million), sales quantity (K MT), and ASP (USD/MT), 2020-2025
The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
To assess the growth potential for Prestressed Concrete Strand
To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace
This report profiles key players in the global Prestressed Concrete Strand market based on the following parameters - company overview, sales quantity, revenue, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Xinhua Metal, Hengxing, Silvery Dragon, Insteel, Tianjin Metallurgical, Kiswire, Tycsa PSC, ASLAK, Huaxin, Fapricela, etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals.
麻豆原创 Segmentation
Prestressed Concrete Strand market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2020-2031, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
麻豆原创 segment by Type
Bare PC Strand
Grease Filled PC Strand
Wax Filled PC Strand
Others
麻豆原创 segment by Application
Transport
Building
Energy
Water Conservancy
Others
Major players covered
Xinhua Metal
Hengxing
Silvery Dragon
Insteel
Tianjin Metallurgical
Kiswire
Tycsa PSC
ASLAK
Huaxin
Fapricela
Tata Iron and Steel
Usha Martin
Sumiden
Hunan Xianghui
Gulf Steel Strands
Shengte
Hengli
Siam Industrial Wire
Southern PC
Longtai Rare Earth & New Materials
AL-FAISAL STEEL
Strand-tech Martin
Fasten
Fuxing Keji
麻豆原创 segment by region, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Prestressed Concrete Strand product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Prestressed Concrete Strand, with price, sales quantity, revenue, and global market share of Prestressed Concrete Strand from 2020 to 2025.
Chapter 3, the Prestressed Concrete Strand competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue, and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Prestressed Concrete Strand breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value, and growth by regions, from 2020 to 2031.
Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and by Application, with sales market share and growth rate by Type, by Application, from 2020 to 2031.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value, and market share for key countries in the world, from 2020 to 2025.and Prestressed Concrete Strand market forecast, by regions, by Type, and by Application, with sales and revenue, from 2026 to 2031.
Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, and Porters Five Forces analysis.
Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Prestressed Concrete Strand.
Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Prestressed Concrete Strand sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.
Please Note - This is an on demand report and will be delivered in 2 business days (48 Hours) post payment.
1 麻豆原创 Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope
1.2 麻豆原创 Estimation Caveats and Base Year
1.3 麻豆原创 Analysis by Type
1.3.1 Overview: Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value by Type: 2020 Versus 2024 Versus 2031
1.3.2 Bare PC Strand
1.3.3 Grease Filled PC Strand
1.3.4 Wax Filled PC Strand
1.3.5 Others
1.4 麻豆原创 Analysis by Application
1.4.1 Overview: Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value by Application: 2020 Versus 2024 Versus 2031
1.4.2 Transport
1.4.3 Building
1.4.4 Energy
1.4.5 Water Conservancy
1.4.6 Others
1.5 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand 麻豆原创 Size & Forecast
1.5.1 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value (2020 & 2024 & 2031)
1.5.2 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity (2020-2031)
1.5.3 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Average Price (2020-2031)
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Xinhua Metal
2.1.1 Xinhua Metal Details
2.1.2 Xinhua Metal Major Business
2.1.3 Xinhua Metal Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.1.4 Xinhua Metal Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.1.5 Xinhua Metal Recent Developments/Updates
2.2 Hengxing
2.2.1 Hengxing Details
2.2.2 Hengxing Major Business
2.2.3 Hengxing Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.2.4 Hengxing Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.2.5 Hengxing Recent Developments/Updates
2.3 Silvery Dragon
2.3.1 Silvery Dragon Details
2.3.2 Silvery Dragon Major Business
2.3.3 Silvery Dragon Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.3.4 Silvery Dragon Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.3.5 Silvery Dragon Recent Developments/Updates
2.4 Insteel
2.4.1 Insteel Details
2.4.2 Insteel Major Business
2.4.3 Insteel Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.4.4 Insteel Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.4.5 Insteel Recent Developments/Updates
2.5 Tianjin Metallurgical
2.5.1 Tianjin Metallurgical Details
2.5.2 Tianjin Metallurgical Major Business
2.5.3 Tianjin Metallurgical Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.5.4 Tianjin Metallurgical Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.5.5 Tianjin Metallurgical Recent Developments/Updates
2.6 Kiswire
2.6.1 Kiswire Details
2.6.2 Kiswire Major Business
2.6.3 Kiswire Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.6.4 Kiswire Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.6.5 Kiswire Recent Developments/Updates
2.7 Tycsa PSC
2.7.1 Tycsa PSC Details
2.7.2 Tycsa PSC Major Business
2.7.3 Tycsa PSC Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.7.4 Tycsa PSC Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.7.5 Tycsa PSC Recent Developments/Updates
2.8 ASLAK
2.8.1 ASLAK Details
2.8.2 ASLAK Major Business
2.8.3 ASLAK Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.8.4 ASLAK Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.8.5 ASLAK Recent Developments/Updates
2.9 Huaxin
2.9.1 Huaxin Details
2.9.2 Huaxin Major Business
2.9.3 Huaxin Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.9.4 Huaxin Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.9.5 Huaxin Recent Developments/Updates
2.10 Fapricela
2.10.1 Fapricela Details
2.10.2 Fapricela Major Business
2.10.3 Fapricela Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.10.4 Fapricela Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.10.5 Fapricela Recent Developments/Updates
2.11 Tata Iron and Steel
2.11.1 Tata Iron and Steel Details
2.11.2 Tata Iron and Steel Major Business
2.11.3 Tata Iron and Steel Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.11.4 Tata Iron and Steel Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.11.5 Tata Iron and Steel Recent Developments/Updates
2.12 Usha Martin
2.12.1 Usha Martin Details
2.12.2 Usha Martin Major Business
2.12.3 Usha Martin Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.12.4 Usha Martin Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.12.5 Usha Martin Recent Developments/Updates
2.13 Sumiden
2.13.1 Sumiden Details
2.13.2 Sumiden Major Business
2.13.3 Sumiden Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.13.4 Sumiden Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.13.5 Sumiden Recent Developments/Updates
2.14 Hunan Xianghui
2.14.1 Hunan Xianghui Details
2.14.2 Hunan Xianghui Major Business
2.14.3 Hunan Xianghui Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.14.4 Hunan Xianghui Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.14.5 Hunan Xianghui Recent Developments/Updates
2.15 Gulf Steel Strands
2.15.1 Gulf Steel Strands Details
2.15.2 Gulf Steel Strands Major Business
2.15.3 Gulf Steel Strands Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.15.4 Gulf Steel Strands Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.15.5 Gulf Steel Strands Recent Developments/Updates
2.16 Shengte
2.16.1 Shengte Details
2.16.2 Shengte Major Business
2.16.3 Shengte Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.16.4 Shengte Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.16.5 Shengte Recent Developments/Updates
2.17 Hengli
2.17.1 Hengli Details
2.17.2 Hengli Major Business
2.17.3 Hengli Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.17.4 Hengli Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.17.5 Hengli Recent Developments/Updates
2.18 Siam Industrial Wire
2.18.1 Siam Industrial Wire Details
2.18.2 Siam Industrial Wire Major Business
2.18.3 Siam Industrial Wire Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.18.4 Siam Industrial Wire Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.18.5 Siam Industrial Wire Recent Developments/Updates
2.19 Southern PC
2.19.1 Southern PC Details
2.19.2 Southern PC Major Business
2.19.3 Southern PC Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.19.4 Southern PC Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.19.5 Southern PC Recent Developments/Updates
2.20 Longtai Rare Earth & New Materials
2.20.1 Longtai Rare Earth & New Materials Details
2.20.2 Longtai Rare Earth & New Materials Major Business
2.20.3 Longtai Rare Earth & New Materials Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.20.4 Longtai Rare Earth & New Materials Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.20.5 Longtai Rare Earth & New Materials Recent Developments/Updates
2.21 AL-FAISAL STEEL
2.21.1 AL-FAISAL STEEL Details
2.21.2 AL-FAISAL STEEL Major Business
2.21.3 AL-FAISAL STEEL Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.21.4 AL-FAISAL STEEL Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.21.5 AL-FAISAL STEEL Recent Developments/Updates
2.22 Strand-tech Martin
2.22.1 Strand-tech Martin Details
2.22.2 Strand-tech Martin Major Business
2.22.3 Strand-tech Martin Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.22.4 Strand-tech Martin Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.22.5 Strand-tech Martin Recent Developments/Updates
2.23 Fasten
2.23.1 Fasten Details
2.23.2 Fasten Major Business
2.23.3 Fasten Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.23.4 Fasten Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.23.5 Fasten Recent Developments/Updates
2.24 Fuxing Keji
2.24.1 Fuxing Keji Details
2.24.2 Fuxing Keji Major Business
2.24.3 Fuxing Keji Prestressed Concrete Strand Product and Services
2.24.4 Fuxing Keji Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and 麻豆原创 Share (2020-2025)
2.24.5 Fuxing Keji Recent Developments/Updates
3 Competitive Environment: Prestressed Concrete Strand by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2020-2025)
3.2 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Revenue by Manufacturer (2020-2025)
3.3 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Average Price by Manufacturer (2020-2025)
3.4 麻豆原创 Share Analysis (2024)
3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Prestressed Concrete Strand by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and 麻豆原创 Share (%): 2024
3.4.2 Top 3 Prestressed Concrete Strand Manufacturer 麻豆原创 Share in 2024
3.4.3 Top 6 Prestressed Concrete Strand Manufacturer 麻豆原创 Share in 2024
3.5 Prestressed Concrete Strand 麻豆原创: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
3.5.1 Prestressed Concrete Strand 麻豆原创: Region Footprint
3.5.2 Prestressed Concrete Strand 麻豆原创: Company Product Type Footprint
3.5.3 Prestressed Concrete Strand 麻豆原创: Company Product Application Footprint
3.6 New 麻豆原创 Entrants and Barriers to 麻豆原创 Entry
3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 Consumption Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand 麻豆原创 Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Region (2020-2031)
4.1.2 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value by Region (2020-2031)
4.1.3 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Average Price by Region (2020-2031)
4.2 North America Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value (2020-2031)
4.3 Europe Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value (2020-2031)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value (2020-2031)
4.5 South America Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value (2020-2031)
4.6 Middle East & Africa Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value (2020-2031)
5 麻豆原创 Segment by Type
5.1 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
5.2 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value by Type (2020-2031)
5.3 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Average Price by Type (2020-2031)
6 麻豆原创 Segment by Application
6.1 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
6.2 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value by Application (2020-2031)
6.3 Global Prestressed Concrete Strand Average Price by Application (2020-2031)
7 North America
7.1 North America Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
7.2 North America Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
7.3 North America Prestressed Concrete Strand 麻豆原创 Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Country (2020-2031)
7.3.2 North America Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value by Country (2020-2031)
7.3.3 United States 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
7.3.4 Canada 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
7.3.5 Mexico 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
8.2 Europe Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
8.3 Europe Prestressed Concrete Strand 麻豆原创 Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Country (2020-2031)
8.3.2 Europe Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value by Country (2020-2031)
8.3.3 Germany 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
8.3.4 France 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
8.3.5 United Kingdom 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
8.3.6 Russia 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
8.3.7 Italy 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
9 Asia-Pacific
9.1 Asia-Pacific Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Prestressed Concrete Strand 麻豆原创 Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Region (2020-2031)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value by Region (2020-2031)
9.3.3 China 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
9.3.4 Japan 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
9.3.5 South Korea 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
9.3.6 India 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
9.3.8 Australia 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
10 South America
10.1 South America Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
10.2 South America Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
10.3 South America Prestressed Concrete Strand 麻豆原创 Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Country (2020-2031)
10.3.2 South America Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value by Country (2020-2031)
10.3.3 Brazil 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
10.3.4 Argentina 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
11 Middle East & Africa
11.1 Middle East & Africa Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Type (2020-2031)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Application (2020-2031)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Prestressed Concrete Strand 麻豆原创 Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Prestressed Concrete Strand Sales Quantity by Country (2020-2031)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Prestressed Concrete Strand Consumption Value by Country (2020-2031)
11.3.3 Turkey 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
11.3.4 Egypt 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
11.3.6 South Africa 麻豆原创 Size and Forecast (2020-2031)
12 麻豆原创 Dynamics
12.1 Prestressed Concrete Strand 麻豆原创 Drivers
12.2 Prestressed Concrete Strand 麻豆原创 Restraints
12.3 Prestressed Concrete Strand Trends Analysis
12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
13 Raw Material and Industry Chain
13.1 Raw Material of Prestressed Concrete Strand and Key Manufacturers
13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Prestressed Concrete Strand
13.3 Prestressed Concrete Strand Production Process
13.4 Industry Value Chain Analysis
14 Shipments by Distribution Channel
14.1 Sales Channel
14.1.1 Direct to End-User
14.1.2 Distributors
14.2 Prestressed Concrete Strand Typical Distributors
14.3 Prestressed Concrete Strand Typical Customers
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
16.1 Methodology
16.2 Research Process and Data Source
16.3 Disclaimer
Xinhua Metal
Hengxing
Silvery Dragon
Insteel
Tianjin Metallurgical
Kiswire
Tycsa PSC
ASLAK
Huaxin
Fapricela
Tata Iron and Steel
Usha Martin
Sumiden
Hunan Xianghui
Gulf Steel Strands
Shengte
Hengli
Siam Industrial Wire
Southern PC
Longtai Rare Earth & New Materials
AL-FAISAL STEEL
Strand-tech Martin
Fasten
Fuxing Keji
听
听
*If Applicable.
